100W Subwoofer Amplifier Circuit

100W Subwoofer Amplifier Circuit

Subwoofer Amplifier Circuit Design

Audio Filter Design:

Here we designed a Sallen Key low pass filter using OPAMP LM7332. The cut off frequency was assumed to be 200Hz and the Quality factor is assumed to be 0.707.  Also assuming the number of poles to be equal to 1 and value of C1 to be equal to 0.1uF, value of C2 can be calculated to be 0.1uF.  Assuming R1 and R2 to be same, the value can be found by substituting known values in the equation

R1 = R2 = Q/(2*pi*fc*C2)

This gives a value of 5.6K for each resistor. Here we select 6K resistors as R1 and R2. Since we want a closed loop gain filter, we do not require resistors at the non inverting terminal, which is shorted to the output terminal.

Pre Amplifier Design:

The preamplifier is based on class A operation of transistor 2N222A.  Since the required output power is 100W and load resistor is 4 Ohms, here we require a supply voltage of 30V.

 Assuming the collector quiescent current to be 1mA and collector quiescent voltage to be half of supply voltage, i.e.15V, the value of load resistor is calculated to be equal to 15K.

R5 = (Vcc/2Icq)

Base current is given by, Ib = Icq/hfe

Substituting the values, hfe or AC current gain , we get the base current to be equal to 0.02mA. The bias current, Ibias is assumed to be ten times the base current, i.e. 0.2mA.

The emitter voltage is assumed to be 12% of the supply voltage, i.e. 3.6V. The base voltage, Vb is then equal to Ve +0.7, i.e. 4.3V.

Values of R3 and R4 are then calculated as given:

R3 = (Vcc – Vb)/ Ibias  and R4 = Vb/Ibias

Substituting the values, we get R3 to be equal to 130 K and R4 to be equal to 22K

The emitter resistor is calculated to be equal to 3.6K (Ve/Ie). However this resistance is shared between two resistors, R6 and R7, where R7 is used as feedback resistor to reduce the decoupling effect of C4.  Value of R7 is calculated by the values of R5 and gain and found to be equal to 300Ohms. Value of R6 is then equal to 3.2K.

Since capacitive reactance of C4 should be less than the emitter resistance, we calculate the value of C4 to be equal to 1uF.

Power Amplifier Design:

The power amplifier is designed using Darlington transistors TIP142 and TIP147 in class AB mode. The biasing diodes are selected such that their thermal properties are equal to that of the Darlington transistors. Here select 1N4007.

Since a large value of bias resistor is required for a low bias current, we select R9 to be equal to 3K.

The driver stage is used to provide a high impedance input to the power amplifier. Here we use a power transistor TIP41 in class A mode. The emitter resistor, R8 is given by the values of emitter voltage, Ve (1/2Vcc- 0.7) and emitter current, Ie (equal to collector current, i.e. 0.5A) and is found to be equal to 28.6 Ohms. Here we select a 30 Ohms resistor.

The value of bootstrap resistor R10 should be such that to be provide high impedance to the Darlington transistors. Here we select R10 to be 3K.

Related Post – 100W MOSFET Power Amplifier Circuit

Subwoofer Amplifier Circuit Operation:

The audio signal is filtered by the Sallen Key low pass filter using the OPAMP such that only frequencies below and equal to 200Hz are passed and remaining filtered. This low frequency signal is given to the input of the transistor Q1 through the coupling capacitor, C3. The transistor operates in class A mode and produces a amplified version of the input signal at its output. This amplified signal is then converted into a high impedance signal by Q2 and is given to the class AB power amplifier.  The two Darlington transistors operate such that one conducts for positive half cycle and other for negative half cycle, thus producing a full cycle of output signal.  The emitter resistors R11 and R13 are used to minimize any difference between the matching transistors. The diodes are used to ensure minimal cross over distortion.  This high power output signal is then used to drive a loudspeaker or subwoofer of low impedance, about 4 Ohms. Note that here we have used an 8 Ohm resistor for testing purpose.

Applications of Subwoofer Amplifier Circuit:

1. This circuit can be used at home theatre systems to drive subwoofers to produce a high quality, high bass music.
2. This circuit can also be used as a power amplifier for low frequency signals.

Limitations of the Circuit:

1. The filter circuit tends to increase the DC level of the audio signal, causing a disruption in the biasing.
2. The use of linear devices causes power dissipation, thus reducing the efficiency of the circuit.
3. It is a theoretical circuit and output contains distortion.
4. The circuit doesn’t provide any provision to remove noise signal and thus the output may contain noisy disturbance.

Circuit Components:

COMPONENT	VALUE
R1	6K
R2	6K
R3	130K
R4	22K
R5	15K
R6	3.2K
R7	300 Ohms
R8	30 Ohms
R9, R10	3 K
C1, C2	0.1uF, electrolyte
C3,C5,C6	10uF, electrolyte
C4	1uF, electrolyte
Q1	2N222A
Q2	TIP41
Q3	TIP41
Q4	TIP147, PNP
D1, D2	1N4007
Dual Supply	+/-30V

How to match subwoofers and amplifiers

The secret to great bass is making sure your subwoofers and amp are evenly matched and will properly work together. And this article will help you figure out how to do just that — match amplifiers and subwoofers. We cover the important basics of power-matching, impedance, and planning for the number of subs you want, and we approach the situation from both sides of the system:

• Part A: You have the subs, which amp should you get?
• Part B: You have the amp, which subs should you get?

Start with either part you want, but they're both worth a read.

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Part A
You have the subs, which amp should you get?

The subs need to be the same
Multiple subs wired together must be the same coil type and impedance. If they’re not, the power won’t divide evenly between them, and some subs would probably be over-powered while others get under-powered. If you want to run different types of subs in a system, each type needs to have its own separate amp.

Step 1: How much power? Find out the “watts RMS” rating of the sub

Then, multiply the number of subs you have by the RMS rating of each, to get their total RMS rating. You want to make sure the amp you choose is capable of supplying from 75% to 150% of the sub system’s total RMS rating.

Step 2: What impedance? The results of combining coils and subs

Figure out the possible total impedance(s) that the subs can be wired together to form.
(SVC = single voice coil, 1 pair of terminals; DVC = dual voice coil, 2 pairs of terminals.)

• 1 SVC 2-ohms can only have 2 ohms of impedance
• 1 SVC 4-ohms can only have 4 ohms of impedance
• 1 DVC 2-ohms can have 1 ohm or 4 ohms of impedance
• 1 DVC 4-ohms can have 2 ohms or 8 ohms of impedance
• 2 SVC 2-ohms can have 1 ohm or 4 ohms of impedance
• 2 SVC 4-ohms can have 2 ohms or 8 ohms of impedance
• 2 DVC 2-ohms can have 2 ohms or 8 ohms of impedance
• 2 DVC 4-ohms can have 1 ohm or 4 ohms of impedance
• 3 SVC 2-ohms can have 6 ohms of impedance
• 3 SVC 4-ohms can have 1.3 ohms of impedance
• 3 DVC 2-ohms can have 1.3 ohms or 3 ohms of impedance
• 3 DVC 4-ohms can have 2.7 ohms or 6 ohms of impedance
• 4 SVC 2-ohms can have 2 ohms or 8 ohms of impedance
• 4 SVC 4-ohms can have 1 ohm or 4 ohms of impedance
• 4 DVC 2-ohms can have 1 ohm or 4 ohms of impedance
• 4 DVC 4-ohms can have 2 ohms or 8 ohms of impedance

 For more combinations of subs and their impedances, see Subwoofer Wiring Diagrams.

Step 3: Pick an amp that can do both — X watts at Y ohms

Look for an amplifier that can put out power within the RMS wattage range you’ve figured in Step 1, at an impedance load the subs can be wired to form, from Step 2.

Estimating amp power at the odd impedance values:

• 8 ohms — figure on the amp putting out half the power it would at 4 ohms
• 6 ohms — figure on the amp putting out three-quarters of the power it would at 4 ohms
• 3 ohms — figure on the amp putting out the average of what it would at 2 ohms and at 4 ohms
• 2.7 ohms — figure the same as for 3 ohms, and add a few watts
• 1.3 ohms — use the 1-ohm spec and take away a few watts

Example:
You have two Alpine Type R SWR-8D4 8" subwoofers and you want the right amp for them.

They are DVC 4-ohm subs rated at 350 watts RMS each.

Two 350 watts RMS subs together need a total of 700 watts RMS, but an amp putting out from 525 to 1050 watts RMS will do. (75% of 700 is 525; 150% of 700 is 1050.)

Using the chart in Step 2, 2 DVC 4-ohm subs can be wired together to form a 1-ohm, a 4-ohm, or a 16-ohm load.

The last is too high a load to be practical, so you’ll look for an amp that can put out from 525 to 1050 watts RMS into either a 4-ohm load, or a 1-ohm impedance load:

• (525-1050) watts RMS x 1 at 4 ohms, or
• (525-1050) watts RMS x 1 at 1 ohm

Among Crutchfield’s selection of amplifiers you’ll find:

• Alpine MRX-M110 — 650 watts RMS x 1 at 4 ohms
• JL Audio HD750/1 — 750 watts RMS x 1 at 4 ohms
• Rockford Fosgate Power T1000-1bdCP — 700 W RMS x 1 at 4 ohms or 1,000 W RMS at 1 ohm
• Focal FPS 2300RX — 530 watts RMS x 1 (bridged) at 4 ohms

Any one of these high-quality amplifiers would work well with those subs. It doesn’t matter which impedance an amp plays through — 600 watts RMS through a 4-ohm load produces the same volume as 600 watts RMS through a 1-ohm load.  Notice that the Rockford Fosgate Power T1000-1bdCP can play that pair of subs at 700 watts RMS or 1,000 watts RMS, if you want it louder, just by wiring them together differently.

Rockford Fosgate T1000-1bdCP subwoofer amplifier

The last two amps listed above, the Focal 2300RX and the Rockford Fosgate Power T600-2, are 2-channel amps that happen to work with these two subs when bridged in 1-channel mode. But multi-channel amps are typically lower-powered than mono subwoofer amps, and usually can’t drive loads lower than 4 ohms when bridged.

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Kicker DXA1000.1 subwoofer amplifier

Part B
You have the amp, which subs should you get?

Step 1: What can the amp do? Find the RMS ratings of the amp at different loads

Find the amp’s power, expressed in “watts RMS”, at 4 ohms, at 2 ohms, and, if it can, at 1 ohm. Pick the power you’d like to achieve. The load impedance (ohms) of that rating will be what you want your subs’ total impedance to be.

Step 2: How many subs do you want?

Divide the power you picked in Step 1 by the number of subs you want. This number is the target RMS rating for each of the subs you’ll choose.

• Divide that target number by 1.5. This is the lowest RMS rating per sub that will work.
• Divide that target number by 0.75 for the highest RMS rating per sub.

Step 3: What impedance does each sub need to be and how many voice coils?

Using the impedance you picked in Step 1 and the number of subs from Step 2, cross-reference the possible coil configurations that you can use: 

	1-ohm	2-ohms	4-ohms
1 sub	DVC 2-ohms	SVC 2-ohms DVC 4 ohms	SVC 4-ohms DVC 2-ohms
2 subs	SVC 2-ohms DVC 4-ohms	SVC 4-ohms DVC 2-ohms	SVC 2-ohms DVC 4-ohms
3 subs	(1.3 ohms)* SVC 4-ohms DVC 2-ohms	(3 or 2.7 ohms)* DVC 2-ohms DVC 4-ohms	(6 ohms)* SVC 2-ohms DVC 4-ohms
4 subs	SVC 4-ohms DVC 2-ohms	SVC 2-ohms DVC 4 ohms	SVC 4-ohms DVC 2-ohms

* Estimate amp power at the odd impedance values like in Part A, Step 3, above.

Step 4: Pick a sub that works for both — (SVC or DVC) X-ohms, Y watts RMS)

Look for subs that are rated within the wattage range you figured in Step 2, and are configured as you found in Step 3. This might sound confusing, so let's walk through an example and it'll make sense.

Kenwood Excelon X500-1 subwoofer amplifier

Example:
You have a Kenwood Excelon X500-1 amplifier and you want it to drive two subwoofers

The amp is capable of 300 watts RMS x 1 at 4 ohms and 500 watts RMS x 1 at 2 ohms.

Let’s say you choose to maximize the amp’s potential and want the system to put out 500 watts RMS. This means your subs have to be wired to form a total impedance of 2 ohms.

Two subs on a 500 watts RMS amp will want about 250 watts RMS each.
250 divided by 1.5 is 167; 250 divided by 0.75 is 333. So you’ll look for subs each rated between 167 and 333 watts RMS.

Using the chart in Step 3, for two subwoofers, a final 2-ohm load can be achieved with either two SVC 4-ohm subs or two DVC 2-ohm subs.

So, you’ll look for two subs that are either SVC 4-ohms or DVC 2-ohms, rated between 167 and 333 watts RMS each:

• 2 SVC 4-ohms, (167-333) watts RMS, or
• 2 DVC 2-ohms, (167-333) watts RMS

Among Crutchfield’s selection of subwoofers you’ll find:

• JL Audio WXv2 Series 10" — SVC 4-ohm, 200 watts RMS
• Infinity Reference Series 10" — SVC 4-ohm, 275 watts RMS
• Kenwood Performance Series 10" — SVC 4-ohm, 300 watts RMS
• Kicker CompD 10” — DVC 2-ohms, 300 watts RMS

Kicker CompD 10" component subwoofer

All these subwoofers will sound their best when amplified with the proper amount of power. Differences in size have more to do with tonal qualities and frequency response than with power performance. And optimizing performance is the point of matching subs and amps together.

200 Watts Amplifier Circuit

200 Watts Amplifier Circuit connecting two TDA2030 thru cheap power transistors we can create a amplifier wich can deliver a higher power. With the components value from the schematic the total amplifier gain is 32 dB. The speaker can be 2 ohm instead of 4 ohm if we use the TIP transistors.

TDA 2030 is produced by SGS Ates and is a complete audio amplifier. AB class of the final amplifier cand deliver up to 14W on 4 ohm at a +-14V power supply. With a proper designed power supply this audio amplifier can output 200W.

Active components:

• IC1, Ic2 TDA 2030
• T1, T3 = BD 250, TIP 36
• T2,T4 = BD 249, TIP 35
• D1 … D4 = 1N4001

Portable Mphone Preamplifier Circuit Schematic

Portable Mphone Preamplifier Circuit Schematic

The circuit is based on a low noise, high gain two stage PNP and NPN transistor amplifier, using DC negative feedback through R6 to stabilize the working conditions quite precisely. Output level is attenuated by P1 but, at the same time, the stage gain is lowered due to the increased value of R5. This unusual connection of P1, helps in obtaining a high headroom input, allowing to cope with a wide range of input sources (0.2 to 200mV RMS for 1V RMS output).

This circuit is mainly intended to provide common home stereo amplifiers with a microphone input. The battery supply is a good compromise: in this manner the input circuit is free from mains low frequency hum pick-up and connection to the amplifier is more simple, due to the absence of mains cable and power supply. Using a stereo microphone the circuit must be doubled. In this case, two separate level controls are better than a dual-ganged stereo potentiometer. Low current drawing (about 2mA) ensures a long battery life.

Portable Mphone Preamplifier Circuit Schematic

• P1 = 2.2K
• R1 = 100K
• R2 = 100K
• R3 = 100K
• R4 = 8.2K
• R5 = 68R
• R6 = 6.8K
• R7 = 1K
• R8 = 1K
• R9 = 150R
• C1 = 1uF-63V
• C2 = 100uF-25V
• C3 = 100uF-25V
• C4 = 100uF-25V
• C5 = 22uF-25V
• Q1 = BC560
• Q2 = BC550

200W Audio Amplifier Circuit Diagram

200W Audio Amplifier Circuit Diagram 

This audio amplifier circuit delivers up to 200 W of top-class quality for loudspeaker from 4 to 16 ohm. Operating voltage is between 24 and 36 V, max 5 A. The frequency response is from 20 to 20000 Hz.

Please take special care that the transistors and the IC’s have been fixed firmly and solely one or two separated cooling elements with sufficient dimensions for this purpose (thermal resistance < 1K/W).

Doing so it is necessary to mount the transistors and the IC’s insulated (with mica washes and plastic nipple). Please make sure before first operation that the transistors and the IC’s really do not have any electrical connection towards the cooling plate! The transistors have to be placed plane and firmly onto the cooling element! It is of extraordinary importance with this high-power amplifier that there is a considerable heat dissipation. The already mounted cooling element should be situated in a well ventilated case.

The PSU should be sufficiently powerful, power consumption of the amplifier may increase up to 5A. In case of using an unstabilised power supply. It is advisable to place a transformer of max 28V.

200W Audio Amplifier Circuit Diagram 

The amplifier will the show approx. 120W at a 4-Ohm loudspeaker, for it no-load voltage of the power supply will not be to high. If it is desired to use complete power, it is necessary to place a stabilised power supply with approx. 36V 5A. No-load voltage should not pass over 44V!
The cables leading the current supply and to the loudspeakers should have at least a cross section of min. 1.5 mm^2. The connected loudspeaker have to be equiped according to the high output power and should not have a lower impedance as 4 Ohm! With lower connection impedance and short circuit within the loudspeaker wiring, the transistors will be destructed.

The amplifier has an input sensitivity of approx. 500 … 800 mV. Therefore, it is possibile to connect directly at the amplifier tape decks, tuners, etc. In case there are connected signal sources with lower output voltage, it is necessary to pre-connect a preamplifier. Then it will alse be posible to connect microphones, etc.

200W Audio Amplifier Circuit Diagram  Components

IC1, IC2 = 2 IC’s TDA2030
T1, T3 = 2 transistors KT818 or BD708
T2, T4 = 2 transistors KT819 or BD705
C1, C2, C3, C4, C7 = 5 capacitors 150 nF
C5 = 1 elca 10uF 63V
C8 – 1 capacitor 1.8 nF
R1, R7, R9 = 3 resistances 100K
R2, R3, R10, R11 = 4 resistances 2.2 Ohm
R4, R5 = 2 res. 2K
R6, R8 = 2 res. 1 Ohm
R12, R13 = 2 res. 2 res. 3.3K
D1…D4 = 1N4001, 1N4002, 1N4003
1 PCB board approx 56×51 mm

18W Class-B Audio Amplifier with Tone Controls

18W Class-B Audio Amplifier with Tone Controls

18W Class-B Audio Amplifier with Tone Controls

General Description for 18W Class-B Audio Amplifier with Tone Controls

The particular circuit configuration, allowed to push the NE5534 exceptional capacity of driving the output transistors near to its limits, enabling the whole amplifier to deliver relatively high power outputs without problems. Despite the complication added by the tone controls, the amplifier has an input sensitivity of 130mV RMS, allowing to connect directly to its input the most disparate audio sources without the need for a separate preamplifier. For this reason, it was possible to obtain 18W into an 8 Ohm load using a power supply voltage of +/- 20V. In order to satisfy repeated requests by correspondents, a medium power audio amplifier incorporating tone controls in the feedback path was finally designed.Total Harmonic Distortion figures are astonishingly low, much lower than comparable audio amplifiers using a single-IC audio amp. To avoid an excessive increase in parts-count, due to the addition of the tone controls, a simple amplifier circuitry was designed on the same guidelines of the successful 45 Watt Class B Amplifier, but using the excellent NE5534 IC instead of a discrete component op-amp to drive the output "dumper" transistors. An interesting feature of this amplifier is the absence of any kind of setup.

Parts for 18W Class-B Audio Amplifier with Tone Controls

P1______________50K  Log. Potentiometer (or 47K)
                     (twin concentric-spindle dual gang for stereo)
P2______________20K  Linear Potentiometer (or 22K)
                     (twin concentric-spindle dual gang for stereo)
P3_____________100K  Linear Potentiometer
                   (twin concentric-spindle dual gang for stereo)
R1_____________820R  1/4W Resistor
R2______________68R  1/4W Resistor
R3_______________1K8 1/4W Resistor
R4______________10K  1/4W Resistor
R5_______________1K  1/4W Resistor
R6,R7__________100R  1/4W Resistors
R8_____________330R  1/4W Resistor
R9______________47R  1/2W Resistor
C1_______________1µF  63V Polyester Capacitor
C2______________33pF  63V Polystyrene or Ceramic Capacitor
C3______________10nF  63V Polyester Capacitor
C4,C5____________1nF  63V Polyester Capacitors
C6_____________120nF  63V Polyester Capacitor
C7______________22nF  63V Polyester Capacitor
C8,C10_________220nF  63V Polyester Capacitors
C9______________22µF  25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C11,C12________220µF  25V Electrolytic Capacitors
IC1__________NE5534   Low noise Single Op-amp
Q1____________BD440   60V 4A PNP Transistor
Q2____________BD439   60V 4A NPN Transistor
J1______________RCA audio input socket

Perpetuum mobile STEAM ENGINE made of glass

Electronics Tutorial #1 - Electricity - Voltage, Current, Power, AC and DC

Basic / beginners Electronics Tutorial / course / lesson - Voltage, Current, Power, AC and DC
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Nikola Tesla - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_T...
Thomas Edison - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_E...

In this tutorial I cover the following:

* Some history about electricity / central power stations / electrification. 
* Science of electron flow in a conductor / wire
* I use fluid dynamics in a pipe to explain voltage (pressure), current in Amps (flow) and consumption in Amp hours (rate of flow).
* We look at AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current) on the UNI-T UT81B scopemeter
* We look at how voltage / pressure is required to charge a 12 volt battery
* What is electricity? / How does electricity work?

Topics for future videos in this series:

* Ohms law, resistance, power, energy
* Electronic components - diodes, transistors, FETS, capacitors, digital logic gates, integrated circuits, 555 timer.
* Series and parallel circuits
* Op amps and feedback

Power Amplifier with voltage regulator 4 × 50 Watt TDA8588

Power Amplifier with voltage regulator 4 × 50 Watt TDA8588

   The TDA8588 is a multiple voltage regulator combined with four independent audio power amplifiers configured in bridge tied load with diagnostic capability. The output voltages of all regulators except regulators 2 and 3 can be controlled via the I2C-bus. However, regulator 3 can be set to 0 V via the I2C-bus. The output voltage of regulator 2 (microcontroller supply) and the maximum output voltage of regulator 3 (mechanical digital and microcontroller supplies) can both be either 5 V or 3.3 V depending on the type number. The maximum output voltages of both regulators are fixed to avoid any risk of damaging the microcontroller that may occur during a disturbance of the I 2C-bus. The amplifier diagnostic functions give information about output offset, load, or short-circuit. Diagnostic functions are controlled via the I2C-bus. The TDA8588 is protected against short-circuit, over-temperature, open ground and open VP connections. If a short-circuit occurs at the input or output of a single amplifier, that channel shuts down, and the other channels continue to operate normally. The channel that has a short-circuit can be disabled by the microcontroller via the appropriate enable bit of the I 2C-bus to prevent any noise generated by the fault condition from being heard.

Speaker protection

    If one side of a speaker is connected to ground, a missing current protection is implemented to prevent damage to the speaker. A fault condition is detected in a channel when there is a mismatch between the power current in the high side and the power current in the low side; during a fault condition the channel will be switched off. The load status of each channel can be read via the I 2C-bus: short to ground (one side of the speaker connected to ground), short to VP (one side of the speaker connected to VP), and shorted load.

Muting 

    A hard mute and a soft mute can both be performed via the I 2C-bus. A hard mute mutes the amplifier within 0.5 ms. A soft mute mutes the amplifier within 20 ms and is less audible. A hard mute is also activated if a voltage of 8 V is applied to pin STB. 

Temperature protection 

     If the average junction temperature rises to a temperature value that has been set via the I2C-bus, a thermal protection pre-warning is activated making pin DIAG LOW. If the temperature continues to rise, all four channels will be muted to reduce the output power (soft thermal clipping). The value at which the temperature mute control activates is fixed; only the temperature at which the thermal protection pre-warning signal occurs can be specified by bit D4 in instruction byte 3. If implementing the temperature mute control does not reduce the average junction temperature, all the power stages will be switched off (muted) at the absolute maximum temperature Tj(max)

Power Amplifier with voltage regulator 4 × 50 Watt TDA8588